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💼 Business & Economy Vocabulary for IELTS & TOEFL
High-value vocabulary for IELTS/TOEFL essays and speaking on business, economy and finance.
▶ Practise with audioBusiness & Economy word list
venture noun — a risky or daring undertaking, especially a business enterprise
“The startup venture attracted millions in investment despite the uncertain market.” ↗ enterprise
“The startup venture attracted millions in investment despite the uncertain market.” ↗ enterprise
feasibility noun — the possibility and practicality of doing or accomplishing something
“The feasibility study showed that the expansion project was not economically viable.” ↗ viability
“The feasibility study showed that the expansion project was not economically viable.” ↗ viability
leverage verb — to use something to maximum advantage; to employ borrowed capital to increase profit potential
“Companies leverage their brand reputation to negotiate better supplier contracts.” ↗ utilize
“Companies leverage their brand reputation to negotiate better supplier contracts.” ↗ utilize
revenue noun — income generated by a business from sales, services, or investments
“The tech firm's revenue increased by 35% year-on-year despite market challenges.” ↗ income
“The tech firm's revenue increased by 35% year-on-year despite market challenges.” ↗ income
fluctuation noun — an irregular rise and fall in quantity, price, or level
“Stock market fluctuation is a natural consequence of investor sentiment shifts.” ↗ volatility
“Stock market fluctuation is a natural consequence of investor sentiment shifts.” ↗ volatility
monopoly noun — exclusive control of a commodity or service supply in a particular market
“The government investigated the tech giant for monopoly practices that stifled competition.” ↗ dominance
“The government investigated the tech giant for monopoly practices that stifled competition.” ↗ dominance
dividend noun — a share of profits distributed to shareholders or investors
“Investors were pleased when the company announced a record dividend payment.” ↗ share
“Investors were pleased when the company announced a record dividend payment.” ↗ share
capital noun — wealth in the form of money or assets used for investment or business operations
“Start-ups require adequate capital to sustain operations during the growth phase.” ↗ funding
“Start-ups require adequate capital to sustain operations during the growth phase.” ↗ funding
liability noun — something a company owes; a legal obligation or debt
“The firm's current liabilities exceeded its liquid assets, raising solvency concerns.” ↗ obligation
“The firm's current liabilities exceeded its liquid assets, raising solvency concerns.” ↗ obligation
depreciation noun — the decrease in value of an asset over time due to wear, obsolescence, or age
“Depreciation of company vehicles is deducted annually from the balance sheet.” ↗ decline
“Depreciation of company vehicles is deducted annually from the balance sheet.” ↗ decline
entrepreneur noun — a person who organizes and operates a business venture, assuming risk for profit
“Tech entrepreneurs are reshaping industries through innovation and disruption.” ↗ innovator
“Tech entrepreneurs are reshaping industries through innovation and disruption.” ↗ innovator
commodity noun — a raw material or product that can be bought and sold, especially in bulk
“Oil is a key commodity whose price significantly impacts global economics.” ↗ goods
“Oil is a key commodity whose price significantly impacts global economics.” ↗ goods
tariff noun — a tax imposed on imported or exported goods
“Trade tensions escalated when the government introduced steep tariffs on imported electronics.” ↗ tax
“Trade tensions escalated when the government introduced steep tariffs on imported electronics.” ↗ tax
merger noun — the combination of two companies to form one larger entity
“The merger between the two banking institutions created a financial powerhouse.” ↗ combination
“The merger between the two banking institutions created a financial powerhouse.” ↗ combination
deficit noun — the amount by which expenditure exceeds income; a shortfall
“The country's budget deficit widened due to increased spending and reduced tax revenues.” ↗ shortfall
“The country's budget deficit widened due to increased spending and reduced tax revenues.” ↗ shortfall
invest verb — to commit money or capital to an asset or venture with the expectation of return
“Institutional investors are increasingly investing in renewable energy sectors.” ↗ allocate
“Institutional investors are increasingly investing in renewable energy sectors.” ↗ allocate
markup noun — the amount added to the cost of goods to determine the selling price
“Retailers typically apply a 40% markup on wholesale items to cover expenses and profit.” ↗ margin
“Retailers typically apply a 40% markup on wholesale items to cover expenses and profit.” ↗ margin
liquidate verb — to convert assets into cash; to close a business and settle debts
“The failing company was forced to liquidate its assets to pay creditors.” ↗ dissolve
“The failing company was forced to liquidate its assets to pay creditors.” ↗ dissolve
procurement noun — the action or practice of acquiring or obtaining goods and services
“Ethical procurement practices ensure that supply chains meet labor standards.” ↗ acquisition
“Ethical procurement practices ensure that supply chains meet labor standards.” ↗ acquisition
surplus noun — an excess of income or assets over expenditure or liabilities
“The company reported a budget surplus after cost-cutting measures proved effective.” ↗ excess
“The company reported a budget surplus after cost-cutting measures proved effective.” ↗ excess
benchmark noun — a standard or point of reference against which performance is measured
“The industry benchmark for customer satisfaction is 85%, but our firm achieved 92%.” ↗ standard
“The industry benchmark for customer satisfaction is 85%, but our firm achieved 92%.” ↗ standard
amortize verb — to gradually repay a debt through regular installments of principal and interest
“The business chose to amortize the loan over fifteen years to reduce monthly payments.” ↗ repay
“The business chose to amortize the loan over fifteen years to reduce monthly payments.” ↗ repay