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IELTS Linking Words: Cohesive Devices for Band 7+
Linking words bind your ideas — but using them naturally, not forcing every sentence, is what scores Band 7+. Here is a functional list by purpose.
What examiners mean by 'cohesion'
Cohesion is how well your ideas link. Examiners score you on whether sentences and paragraphs flow logically — using pronouns, synonyms, repeated keywords and linking words naturally, not forcibly inserting 'furthermore' into every sentence. A well-linked paragraph needs only 2–3 explicit linkers; the rest flow via pronouns and logical flow.
Adding and listing ideas
and, in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, as well as, including, another, also. Use these to build arguments: 'She was intelligent and, moreover, driven.' But avoid starting every sentence with a linker — vary your sentence structure and use pronouns instead: 'She was intelligent. This trait made her a strong leader.'
Showing contrast and concession
however, in contrast, on the other hand, although, though, despite, while, whereas, yet, but. These show disagreement or unexpected turns. Example: 'While the study is well-designed, the sample is small.' Use 'however' and 'on the other hand' at the start of sentences for clarity; use 'although' and 'despite' in the middle of sentences.
Showing cause and effect
because, since, as, due to, caused by, as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, so. Example: 'Because the storm was severe, schools closed. As a result, many families stayed home.' These are high-value words for explaining reasoning in essays and speaking.
Showing time and sequence
first, then, next, later, after, before, meanwhile, during, subsequently, previously, finally. Example: 'First, I completed my degree. Subsequently, I worked in finance. Finally, I decided to study abroad.' These help you narrate events clearly in writing and speaking.
Showing example and clarification
for example, for instance, such as, including, in other words, that is, to illustrate, specifically. Example: 'I study multiple languages. For instance, I am fluent in English and conversational in French.' These help you support arguments with specifics.
Frequently asked questions
- Is using lots of linking words better for a higher IELTS band?
- No — overusing linking words sounds forced and lowers your score. Use them purposefully to guide logic, but let pronouns and clear sentence structure do most of the work.
- Can I use the same linking word twice in one paragraph?
- Yes, but vary them. Repeating 'however' three times in a paragraph feels lazy. Alternate: 'however', 'on the other hand', 'in contrast'.
- How much does cohesion count in the IELTS Writing band?
- Cohesion & Coherence is 25% of your Writing score (equal to Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range, Task Response). It is critical.